Sun Microsystems Network Card 819 1207 11 User Manual

Sun PCI High Speed Quad Port  
Serial Interface Adapter  
User’s Guide  
Part No. 819-1207-11  
May 2010, Revision A  
 
Regulatory Compliance Statements xi  
Declaration of Conformity xv  
Preface xvii  
1. Product Overview  
1
3
2. SunHSI/U Adapter Installation  
Installation Process  
5
5
3. SunHSI PCI Software Installation  
Installation Overview  
Before Installing the Software 11  
Verifying the Software and Hardware Requirements 11  
To Remove Older Versions of the Software 11  
9
9
iii  
 
To Install the SunHSI Software 12  
4. SunHSI Utilities 17  
hsip_initUtility 17  
HDLC Mode 19  
B. Null Modem Cable Requirements 29  
Configuring Internal or External Clocking 30  
C. T1 Inverted Data and Clock Signals 35  
Data Signal Inversion 35  
Bipolar with 8-Zero Substitution 36  
HDLC Zero Insertion Algorithm 36  
Clock Signal Inversion 37  
iv  
Sun PCI High Speed Quad Port Serial Interface Adapter User’s Guide • May 2010  
 
D. SunVTS Diagnostic Testing 39  
E. Viewing the Man Pages 41  
To View Man Pages in the C Shell Environment 41  
To View Man Pages in Bourne or Korn Shell Environments 42  
Glossary 43  
Contents  
v
 
vi  
Sun PCI High Speed Quad Port Serial Interface Adapter User’s Guide • May 2010  
 
Figures  
FIGURE 1-1  
FIGURE 3-1  
FIGURE 3-2  
FIGURE B-1  
FIGURE B-2  
FIGURE B-3  
2
SunHSI Devices Created by the Postinstall Script 10  
Null modem Cable (Both Suns Supply Clocking) 32  
Null modem Cable (Sun System Supplies Clocking for Both Sides) 33  
X.21 to RS-449 Converter 34  
vii  
 
viii  
Sun PCI High Speed Quad Port Serial Interface Adapter User’s Guide • May 2010  
 
TABLE 1-1  
TABLE 3-1  
TABLE A-1  
TABLE A-2  
TABLE B-1  
TABLE B-2  
TABLE D-1  
3
RS-449 Interface Signals 27  
RS-449 Signals 31  
X.21 Signals 31  
Sun VTS Documentation 39  
ix  
 
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Sun PCI High Speed Quad Port Serial Interface Adapter User’s Guide • May 2010  
 
Regulatory Compliance Statements  
Your Sun product is marked to indicate its compliance class:  
Federal Communications Commission (FCC) — USA  
Industry Canada Equipment Standard for Digital Equipment (ICES-003) — Canada  
Voluntary Control Council for Interference (VCCI) — Japan  
Bureau of Standards Metrology and Inspection (BSMI) — Taiwan  
Certification and Accreditation Administration of the People’s Republic of China (CNCA) — China  
Korea Communications Commission (KCC) — Korea  
Please read the appropriate section that corresponds to the marking on your Sun product before attempting to install the  
product.  
FCC Class A Notice  
This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions:  
1. This device may not cause harmful interference.  
2. This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.  
Note: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of  
the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment  
is operated in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy, and if it is  
not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual, it may cause harmful interference to radio communications.  
Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference, in which case the user will be required  
to correct the interference at his own expense.  
Modifications: Any modifications made to this device that are not approved by Sun Microsystems, Inc. may void the authority  
granted to the user by the FCC to operate this equipment.  
FCC Class B Notice  
This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions:  
1. This device may not cause harmful interference.  
2. This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.  
Note: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of  
the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential  
installation. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in  
accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee  
that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or  
television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the  
interference by one or more of the following measures:  
Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.  
Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.  
Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected.  
Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/television technician for help.  
Modifications: Any modifications made to this device that are not approved by Sun Microsystems, Inc. may void the authority  
granted to the user by the FCC to operate this equipment.  
xi  
 
 
ICES-003 Class A Notice - Avis NMB-003, Classe A  
This Class A digital apparatus complies with Canadian ICES-003.  
Cet appareil numérique de la classe A est conforme à la norme NMB-003 du Canada.  
ICES-003 Class B Notice - Avis NMB-003, Classe B  
This Class B digital apparatus complies with Canadian ICES-003.  
Cet appareil numérique de la classe B est conforme à la norme NMB-003 du Canada.  
xii  
Sun PCI High Speed Quad Port Serial Interface Adapter User’s Guide • May 2010  
 
BSMI Class A Notice  
The following statement is applicable to products shipped to Taiwan and marked as Class A on the product compliance  
label.  
CCC Class A Notice  
The following statement is applicable to products shipped to China and marked with “Class A” on the product’s compliance  
label.  
Korean Class A Notice  
The following is the Korean Class A Broadcasting and Telecommunication Products for Business Purpose Statement.  
Regulatory Compliance Statements xiii  
 
xiv Sun PCI High Speed Quad Port Serial Interface Adapter User’s Guide • May 2010  
 
Declaration of Conformity  
To receive a copy of the latest Declaration of Conformity (DoC) for the product, create an online  
xv  
 
 
xvi Sun PCI High Speed Quad Port Serial Interface Adapter User’s Guide • May 2010  
 
Preface  
This document provides information for users of the Sun PCI High Speed Quad Port  
Serial Interface Adapter from Oracle. Information provided includes adapter  
installation, software installation and configuration, utilities, cable pin-outs and  
signals, and null modem cable requirements. This document is intended for use by  
either first-time or experienced users.  
If you have just acquired this product, review the introductory sections and follow  
the guidelines for installing and using the adapter.  
Note – The Sun PCI High Speed Quad Port Serial Interface adapter is high-speed  
serial-interface (HSI) adapter for PCI applications The adapter is referred to as  
SunHSI/U in this manual.  
How This Book Is Organized  
This document is organized as follows:  
Chapter 1 describes the products and lists system requirements.  
Chapter 2 provides instructions for installing the adapter.  
Chapter 3 contains the SunHSI software installation instructions.  
Chapter 4 describes the utilities supplied with the SunHSI software.  
Appendix A lists the cable pin assignments and signals.  
Appendix B provides information on external clocking and the null modem cable.  
Appendix C explains the inverted data and clock signals for T1.  
xvii  
 
 
Appendix D gives an overview of the SunVTS diagnostic software.  
Appendix E provides instructions for viewing the man pages.  
Typographic Conventions  
Typeface  
Meaning  
Examples  
AaBbCc123  
The names of commands, files,  
and directories; on-screen  
computer output  
Edit your.loginfile.  
Use ls-ato list all files.  
% You have mail.  
What you type, when contrasted % su  
with on-screen computer output  
AaBbCc123  
Password:  
Book titles, new words or terms, Read Chapter 6 in the User’s Guide.  
AaBbCc123  
words to be emphasized.  
Replace command-line variables  
with real names or values.  
These are called class options.  
You must be superuser to do this.  
To delete a file, type rmfilename.  
Note – Characters display differently depending on browser settings. If characters  
do not display correctly, change the character encoding in your browser to Unicode  
UTF-8.  
Related Documentation  
The documents listed as online are available at:  
Part  
Application  
Title  
Number  
Format  
Location  
Installation  
Sun PCI High Speed Quad Port Serial Interface Adapter 819-1207  
PDF,  
Online  
HTML  
Issues & updates Sun PCI High Speed Quad Port Serial Interface Adapter 819-1208  
PDF,  
Online  
Release Notes  
HTML  
xviii Sun PCI High Speed Quad Port Serial Interface Adapter User’s Guide • May 2010  
 
Documentation, Support, and Training  
These web sites provide additional resources:  
Sun Function  
Documentation  
Support  
URL  
Training  
Document Feedback  
Submit comments about this document by clicking the Feedback [+] link at:  
http://docs.sun.com/. Include the title and part number of your document with  
your feedback:  
Sun PCI High Speed Quad Port Serial Interface Adapter User’s Guide, part number  
819-1207-11  
Preface  
xix  
 
xx  
Sun PCI High Speed Quad Port Serial Interface Adapter User’s Guide • May 2010  
 
CHAPTER  
1
This chapter includes the following topics:  
“Product Description” on page 1  
“Features” on page 2  
“Hardware and Software Requirements” on page 3  
Product Description  
The Sun PCI High Speed Quad Port Serial Interface adapter is high-speed serial  
interface (HSI) adapter for PCI applications and is referred to as the SunHSI/U  
adapter in this manual. The adapter offers comprehensive hot-plug compatibility  
with Solstice WAN software packages available through Sun. The SunHSI software  
is a transparent interface on the SunHSI/U adapter, providing a compliant  
environment for SunLink WAN packages operating on similar Sun communication  
modules.  
The SunHSI/U adapter (see FIGURE 1-1) is an intelligent, four-port communication  
controller with onboard CPU and memory dedicated to WAN communication  
functions. This architecture operates much more efficiently at high data rates than  
unintelligent WAN modules. Onboard intelligence allows the workstation or server to  
be off-loaded from many of the low-level communication tasks that it must perform  
when there is no native intelligence on the controller.  
1
 
     
FIGURE 1-1 SunHSI/U Adapter  
The adapter comes with the RS-449 industry standard connectors (for example,  
DB-37).  
The protocols that operate with the SunHSI/U adapter include the Solstice X.25 and  
Solstice Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP). The SunHSI/U adapter conforms to the Sun  
Synchronous Serial Driver Interface Specification.  
Features  
Four synchronous RS-449 serial ports  
Each port can be independently configured  
T1/E1 transfer speed simultaneously on all four ports  
Works in 3.3 Volt 66 MHz and 5 Volt 33 MHz PCI slots  
Increased RS-232 support for data transmission range, up to 100 Kbps  
Meets PCI local bus specification, rev. 2.2  
Oracle Solaris 64-bit and 32-bit Operating System compatibility  
Hot-plug capability  
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Sun PCI High Speed Quad Port Serial Interface Adapter User’s Guide • May 2010  
 
   
Hardware and Software Requirements  
The hardware and software requirements for the SunHSI/U adapter are listed in  
TABLE 1-1.  
TABLE 1-1  
Hardware and Software Requirements  
Sun Blade 100, 150, 1500, 1000, 2000, 2500  
Sun Systems  
Workstations  
Servers  
Sun Fire V210, V240, 280R, V440, V480, V490, V880, V890, V1280, E2900,  
E6900/E4900, 15K/12K, E25K/E20K  
NEBS-certified Netra 240, 440, 1280  
servers  
Operating Systems  
Solaris 10, Solaris 9, and Solaris 8  
SunHSI Software (PCI device drivers, man pages, and utilities)  
SunHSI/P 3.1 or newer  
Diagnostics Version  
Solaris 10 SunVTS 6.0 and subsequent compatible releases  
Solaris 9 SunVTS 5.0 and subsequent compatible releases  
Solaris 8 SunVTS 4.0 and subsequent compatible releases  
The Sun HSI/P software is downloadable from the Sun Download Center at:  
Chapter 1 Product Overview  
 
3
   
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Sun PCI High Speed Quad Port Serial Interface Adapter User’s Guide • May 2010  
 
CHAPTER  
2
SunHSI/U Adapter Installation  
This chapter describes how to install the adapter in your system and includes the  
following topics:  
“Installation Process” on page 5  
“To Install the Adapter” on page 5  
“External Cabling” on page 6  
Installation Process  
A simplified version of the installation process follows:  
1. Install the adapter (see “To Install the Adapter” on page 5).  
2. Install the SunHSI PCI software (see “SunHSI PCI Software Installation” on  
page 9).  
3. Test the installation (see “To Test the Installation” on page 3-14).  
To Install the Adapter  
Caution – Electronic components on printed circuit boards are extremely sensitive  
to static electricity. Ordinary amounts of static electricity generated by your clothing  
or work environment can damage the electronic equipment. When installing the  
SunHSI/U adapter in a system, use anti-static grounding straps and antistatic mats  
to help prevent damage due to electrostatic discharge.  
5
 
       
Note – Refer to your system installation guide or service manual for detailed  
instructions for the following steps.  
1. Power off your system, using the standard shutdown procedures described in  
the Solaris Handbook for Sun Peripherals or your system service manual.  
The Solaris Handbook for Sun Peripherals is shipped with the Solaris OS software  
and is available on the http://docs.sun.comweb site.  
2. Remove the cover from the unit to access the card slots and connectors.  
3. Select an available 3.3 Volt or 5 Volt PCI slot and remove the slot filler panel.  
4. Insert the adapter into the PCI connector of the system unit.  
Ensure that the front plate on the adapter mounts flush with the chassis panel  
opening.  
5. Install the front plate screw to secure the adapter into the chassis.  
This also provides a chassis ground connection to the adapter.  
6. Reinstall the cover on the unit.  
7. Attach the serial port cable assembly to the I/O connector on the adapter.  
8. Connect any cables from the peripheral devices to the RS-449 connectors on the  
adapter’s cable.  
9. Turn power back on and allow the system to reboot.  
This completes the hardware installation. Proceed to “SunHSI PCI Software  
Installation” on page 9.  
External Cabling  
The SunHSI/U adapter provides external connectivity through a passive cabling  
system. A hydra-style connector provides connectivity to four RS-449 devices by  
means of four DB-37 female connectors in a DTE configuration.  
Note – Always use shielded twisted pair RS-449 cables with your SunHSI/U  
adapter.  
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Sun PCI High Speed Quad Port Serial Interface Adapter User’s Guide • May 2010  
 
 
RS-232 to RS-449 Connections  
In order to connect RS-232 devices to the adapter, you need to install an externally  
powered RS-449 to RS-232 interface converter to each DB-37 connector on which you  
intend to connect an RS-232 device. A converter is necessary because of  
incompatibilities between RS-232 and RS-449 signal levels.  
To obtain an externally powered RS-232 to RS-449 interface converter, contact:  
Black Box Corporation at: http://www.blackbox.com  
Note – Use only externally powered RS-449 devices with the SunHSI/U adapter.  
Chapter 2 SunHSI/U Adapter Installation  
 
7
 
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Sun PCI High Speed Quad Port Serial Interface Adapter User’s Guide • May 2010  
 
CHAPTER  
3
SunHSI PCI Software Installation  
This chapter describes how to install the SunHSI PCI software and includes the  
following sections:  
“Installation Overview” on page 9  
“Before Installing the Software” on page 11  
“Installing the Software” on page 12  
“Configuring the Software” on page 14  
Installation Overview  
Software for unbundled products is distributed in the form of software packages.  
The SunHSI PCI software package can be downloaded from the Sun Download  
Center at:  
You can use the pkgadd command to install software packages, to spool software  
packages for installation at a later date, or to remove software packages from your  
system. For more information see the Solaris System Administration Guide. When  
you have completed the software installation and run the postinstallation script, you  
will have created the software directories and files illustrated in FIGURE 3-1 and  
FIGURE 3-1.  
Note – If you are upgrading to the SunHSI/U adapter from the SunHSI/P adapter  
or if you are running a SunHSI/P adapter along with the SunHSI/U adapter,  
youmust upgrade the SunHSI software to the latest version.  
9
 
       
FIGURE 3-1 SunHSI Software Directories and Files  
root  
/kernel  
/drv  
/opt  
/SUNWconn  
/bin  
/man  
/HSIP  
HSIP  
/sparcv9  
HSIP  
/man1m  
/man7d  
hsip.7d*  
hsip_init*  
hsip_loop*  
hsip_stat*  
/bin  
/man  
hsip_init.1m*  
hsip_loop.1m*  
hspi_stat.1m*  
/man1m  
/man7d  
hsip.7d  
hsip_init  
hsip_loop  
hsip_stat  
hsip_init.1m  
hsip_loop.1m  
hsip_stat.1m  
* Signifies a symbolic link.  
FIGURE 3-2 SunHSI Devices Created by the Postinstall Script  
root  
/dev  
/hihp8  
/hihp9  
/hihp10  
/hihp11  
Board 3  
/hihpn  
/hihpn  
/hihpn  
/hihpn  
Board N  
/hihp0  
/hihp1  
/hihp2  
/hihp3  
Board 1  
/hihp4  
/hihp5  
/hihp6  
/hihp7  
Board 2  
/hihp  
Clone device  
(Control Port)  
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Sun PCI High Speed Quad Port Serial Interface Adapter User’s Guide • May 2010  
 
   
Before Installing the Software  
Verifying the Software and Hardware  
Requirements  
Before installing the software, answer the following questions:  
Does your system have any available 3.3V or 5V PCI slots?  
Have you downloaded the SunHSI software from the Sun Download Center at:  
What is the installation directory (default directory is /opt)?  
Do you have the superuser password for both the system where the software is to  
be installed and the system with download software, if different?  
Does your system have enough disk space?  
Use both the following commands to check for disk space:  
# df -k /opt  
# df -k /  
TABLE 3-1  
Required Disk Space  
SunHSI Package Name  
Default Installation Directory  
Approximate Space Required  
1 Mbyte  
SUNWhsip  
/
SUNWhsipm and SUNWhsipu /opt  
1 Mbyte total  
To Remove Older Versions of the Software  
Caution – Do not overwrite any existing SunHSI software packages. If you install  
the SunHSI software packages over existing SunHSI software packages, you will  
have two instances of the software packages. This might cause problems when  
installing or backing out of software patches.  
Chapter 3 SunHSI PCI Software Installation  
 
11  
       
Before installing the SunHSI PCI software on your system, check your system to see  
if previous versions of the SunHSI software are installed. If older SunHSI software  
exists, you must remove this software before installing the new SunHSI software.  
Using the pkginfocommand, check the system for installed SunHSI software  
packages:  
system SUNWhsip SunHSI/P Driver for PCI  
system SUNWhsipm SunHSI/P Man Pages for PC  
system SUNWhsipu SunHSI/P Utilities for PCI  
If no SunHSI packages are installed, skip to the next section,“Installing the  
Software” on page 12, to continue with the software installation.  
If there are SunHSI packages installed, remove them by logging on as superuser  
(root) and typing the following command:  
# /usr/sbin/pkgrm SUNWhsip SUNWhsipu SUNWhsipm  
Installing the Software  
The SunHSI PCI driver, utilities, and man pages are distributed in the standard  
Solaris pkgadddistribution format. The pkgaddutility loads the SUNWhsip,  
SUNWhsipm, and SUNWhsipupackages onto the system from the distribution media.  
To Install the SunHSI Software  
1. Access the directory where the SunHSI software has been downloaded.  
# cd download-directory  
where download-directory is the name of the directory where the SunHSI software  
was downloaded.  
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Sun PCI High Speed Quad Port Serial Interface Adapter User’s Guide • May 2010  
 
   
2. Log in as superuser or change to superuser.  
You must possess superuser privileges to invoke the following commands. This  
ensures that all preinstallation scripts in the software package will be executed  
with superuser privileges.  
# /usr/bin/su  
Password: superuser-password  
3. Using the pkgadd command, install the software packages as follows:  
# pkgadd -d /download-directory/sunhsip_3_1/Product  
The following packages are available:  
SUNWhsip SunHSI/P Driver for PCI 3.1,REV=2005.xx.xx  
SUNWhsipm SunHSI/P Man pages for PCI 3.1,REV=2005.xx.xx  
SUNWhsipu SunHSI/P Utilities for PCI 3.1,REV=2005.xx.xx  
Select package(s) you wish to process (or ‘all’ to process  
all packages). (default: all) [?,??,q]: all  
where download-directory is the name of the directory where the SunHSI software was  
downloaded.  
a. Type allor leave blank then press the Return key to continue the  
installation of the driver software.  
If the pkgaddutility warns you that some scripts must be executed with  
superuser permissions, type y.  
4. After successful completion of the package installation, reboot the system  
using the reconfigure option.  
a. Synchronize the hard disks and halt the system, using the following  
commands.  
# /usr/sbin/sync  
# /usr/sbin/halt  
b. At the okprompt, type the bootcommand with the -roption:  
ok boot -r  
Chapter 3 SunHSI PCI Software Installation  
 
13  
5. After the system reboots, verify the installation by typing the following  
commands:  
# /usr/bin/pkginfo | grep SUNWhsip  
system SUNWhsip SunHSI/P Driver for PCI  
system SUNWhsipm SunHSI/P Man Pages for PC  
system SUNWhsipu SunHSI/P Utilities for PCI  
# modinfo | grep HSIP  
126 7bb24000 17708 150 1 HSIP (PT-PCI334 Driver)  
# grep HSIP /etc/path_to_inst  
"/ssm@0,0/pci@18,700000/pci1214,334a@2" 0 "HSIP"  
The output shows that the packages are installed, the driver is loaded, and that  
the software is mapped to the adapter.  
To Test the Installation  
Type the following command (replace n with the adapter port you are testing):  
# hsip_loop -c 100 -l 2048 -s 2048000 -t 1 hihpn  
This command runs an internal loopback test. For more information, see the  
hsip_loop(1M) man page.  
Configuring the Software  
To configure the adapter for the Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP), see To Configure for  
Point-to-Point Protocol” on page 3-15. Also refer to the Solaris System Administration  
Guide: Network Services documentation for the version of Solaris that you are  
running. These documents are available from the following web site:  
To configure the adapter for the X.25 9.2 protocol, refer to the Solstice X.25 9.2  
Administration Guide (806-1234). The X.25 9.2 documents are available from the  
following web site:  
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Sun PCI High Speed Quad Port Serial Interface Adapter User’s Guide • May 2010  
 
     
To Configure for Point-to-Point Protocol  
1. Change to the /etc/pppdirectory and create an executable file called  
conf_hsip, containing the following information:  
#!/bin/ksh -x  
DEVICE=‘echo $DEVICE | sed ‘s/?dev?//’’  
/opt/SUNWconn/bin/hsip_init $DEVICE speed=2048000 mode=fdx loopback=no \  
nrzi=no txc=baud rxc=rxc txd=txd rxd=rxd signal=no 2>&1 > /dev/null  
2. Create another executable file called demand, containing the following  
information:  
if [ -f /var/run/ppp-demand.pid ] &&  
/usr/bin/kill -s 0 ‘/bin/cat /var/run/ppp-demand.pid’  
then  
:
else  
env DEVICE=hihp0 /usr/bin/pppd hihp0 :qa1b-hihp0 call far-hsip  
env DEVICE=hihp1 /usr/bin/pppd hihp1 :qa1b-hihp1 call far-hsip  
env DEVICE=hihp2 /usr/bin/pppd hihp2 :qa1b-hihp2 call far-hsip  
env DEVICE=hihp3 /usr/bin/pppd hihp3 :qa1b-hihp3 call far-hsip  
fi  
3. Change to the /etc/ppp/peersdirectory and create an executable file called  
far-hsip, containing the following information:  
connect ‘/etc/ppp/conf-hsip’  
local  
sync  
noauth  
0:  
ipcp-accept-local  
nodefaultroute  
passive  
persist  
noccp  
nopcomp  
novj  
noaccomp  
4. Add the client site hosts on the server machine and add the server site hosts on  
the client machine.  
a. Edit the server’s /etc/hostsfile and add the client site local hosts.  
Chapter 3 SunHSI PCI Software Installation  
 
15  
 
b. Edit the client’s /etc/hostsfile and add the server site local hosts.  
Note – Both IP addresses have to be on the same subnet.  
Refer to the hosts(4) man page and the sample /etc/hostsfiles:  
#Server site (/etc/hosts)  
#=======================  
#local  
# Client site (/etc/hosts)  
#=======================  
#local  
192.10.10.10 qa8a-hihp0  
193.10.10.10 qa8a-hihp1  
194.10.10.10 qa8a-hihp2  
195.10.10.10 qa8a-hihp3  
192.10.10.20 qa1b-hihp0  
193.10.10.20 qa1b-hihp1  
194.10.10.20 qa1b-hihp2  
195.10.10.20 qa1b-hihp3  
#remote  
#remote  
192.10.10.20 qa1b-hihp0  
193.10.10.20 qa1b-hihp1  
194.10.10.20 qa1b-hihp2  
195.10.10.20 qa1b-hihp3  
192.10.10.10 qa8a-hihp0  
193.10.10.10 qa8a-hihp1  
194.10.10.10 qa8a-hihp2  
195.10.10.10 qa8a-hihp3  
5. Edit the /etc/netmasksfile as follows:  
192.10.10.0 255.255.255.0  
193.10.10.0 255.255.255.0  
194.10.10.0 255.255.255.0  
195.10.10.0 255.255.255.0  
6. Start the PPP connection by typing the following commands:  
/etc/rc2.d/S47pppd stop  
/etc/rc2.d/S47pppd start  
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Sun PCI High Speed Quad Port Serial Interface Adapter User’s Guide • May 2010  
 
CHAPTER  
4
SunHSI Utilities  
The SunHSI software includes the hsip_init, hsip_loop, and hsip_stat  
utilities. This chapter contains a short description of each utility. Refer to each man  
page to get more information on the commands. Also see “Viewing the Man Pages”  
on page 41.  
This chapter includes the following topics:  
hsip_initUtility” on page 17  
hsip_loopUtility” on page 20  
hsip_statUtility” on page 21  
Note – You need to be superuser (root) in order to run the hsip_init,  
hsip_loop, or hsip_statutilities.  
hsip_initUtility  
modes common to synchronous serial lines. This modification is needed for the  
operation of some communications packages and is useful in troubleshooting a link.  
See the hsip_init(1M) man page for details.  
The hsip_init utility includes options for T1 compatibility and operating modes. See  
“T1 Compatibility Options” on page 18 and “Operating Modes Options” on page 18  
for information on these options.  
17  
 
     
T1 Compatibility Options  
The version of the hsip_initutility shipped with the SunHSI software has options  
that enable you to invert data and clock signals to accommodate the requirements of  
T1 or CEPT transmission equipment. The hsip_initparameters that allow for  
inversion are:  
txd– transmit data signal  
rxd– receive data signal  
txc– transmit clock signal  
rxc– receive clock signal  
The effect of the default settings for all of these parameters is that SunHSI software  
does not invert the data or clock signal controlled by the parameter. To invert a  
signal, you specify a setting of the form param-name=-paramname, for example,  
txc=-txc.  
As an example, suppose you want to invert the transmit and receive data signals on  
the first SunHSI/U port (port 0) on the second SunHSI/U adapter in your system. To  
do so, enter the following command:  
To invert both clock and data signals, enter:  
# hsip_init hihp4 txd=-txd rxd=-rxd txc=-txc rxc=-rxc  
Appendix C discusses the background and requirements for these inverted settings.  
Operating Modes Options  
This section describes the operating modes that you can set with the hsip_init  
utility.  
The SunHSI software operates in two main operating modes, the high-level data link  
control (HDLC) mode and the IBM (SDLC) mode. The HDLC mode always operates  
in a full-duplex, point-to-point fashion. While the IBM mode defaults to a  
full-duplex, point-to-point, operation.  
18  
Sun PCI High Speed Quad Port Serial Interface Adapter User’s Guide • May 2010  
 
   
HDLC Mode  
The default operating mode used by the SunHSI software is the HDLC full-duplex  
protocol (mode=fdx). In this mode the transmitter is always enabled. The  
transmitter sends flag bytes continuously when it is not sending a data frame.  
If no message is currently being transmitted, the driver will attempt to start sending  
its next message. At this point the driver indicates that it is busy transmitting, to  
prevent the transmission of another message concurrently. The driver also activates  
a mechanism that ensures that the transmit operation will not hang if the hardware  
is not responding.  
When the transmission is completed, the busy mechanism previously set is cleared  
and the next message can be transmitted. If the transmission is hung an abort  
sequence is sent instead of the cyclic redundancy check (CRC), so that the receiver  
will not interpret the frame as valid data. The message is discarded, and the output  
error statistic is incremented, which allows for a proper recovery by higher level  
protocols.  
The received data is buffered until a complete frame has been received. If any error  
occurs during the reception of a frame, the appropriate statistic is incremented and  
the frame is discarded.  
IBM (SDLC) Mode  
SDLC mode is designed to support IBM system network architecture (SNA)  
communications. It uses most of the same protocols used in HDLC mode, with two  
major exceptions:  
When the line is idle, instead of sending flag bytes the transmitter is disabled.  
The request-to-send (RTS) and clear-to-send (CTS) signals are used to gate  
transmission.  
IBM Full-Duplex Mode  
When the SunHSI software is set to this mode (mode=ibm-fdx), the software uses a  
full-duplex point-to-point communication protocol. Both ends of the link are  
expected to have RTS and CTS signals asserted at all times when data is being  
exchanged. When starting a message transmission, the interface raises the RTS signal  
and expects the CTS signal to be asserted immediately. If this is not done, all  
messages currently queued for transmission are discarded, and the write operation  
returns an error.  
Chapter 4 SunHSI Utilities  
 
19  
   
If the CTS signal drops before the frame transmission is complete, the frame is  
discarded and the abort error statistic is incremented. If the transmission underruns,  
an abort sequence is not sent and the frame is silently discarded. The RTS signal  
remains asserted until the data transmission is complete.  
IBM Half-Duplex Mode  
Half-duplex is a submode of the IBM mode (mode=ibm-hdx). Half-duplex mode  
operates in the same manner as full-duplex mode except that transmission cannot  
occur while receiving, and vice-versa. When a transmission is completed, the RTS  
signal is dropped. Dropping the RTS signal tells the remote station to begin  
transmitting if it is ready to.  
IBM MultiPoint Mode  
In a multipoint configuration (mode=ibm-mpt), more than two stations share a link.  
This configuration is accomplished by designating one station as a primary station  
and the rest as secondary stations. In this mode, the port acts as a secondary station.  
The primary station arbitrates traffic on the link by polling the secondary stations, to  
see if they are ready to transmit.  
If a secondary station has data to transmit, it will raise its RTS signal and check for  
CTS signals. When a CTS signal comes up the station may begin transmitting,  
following the same rules for RTS and CTS signals used in half-duplex mode. When  
the transmission is complete the secondary drops the RTS signal, which enables  
another station to respond to a poll and begin transmitting. The RTS signal cannot be  
dropped until the transmission is complete.  
hsip_loopUtility  
The hsip_looputility is high-speed, synchronous, serial loopback test program for  
high-speed serial interface. The utility performs several loopback tests that exercise  
the components of a serial communications link. See the hsip_loop(1M) man page  
for more information.  
20  
Sun PCI High Speed Quad Port Serial Interface Adapter User’s Guide • May 2010  
 
 
hsip_statUtility  
The hsip_statutility reports the event statistics maintained by the SunHSI device  
driver. The report might be a single snapshot of the accumulated totals, or a series of  
samples showing incremental changes. At the beginning of the report, the device  
name being used to query a particular device appears. See the hsip_stat(1M) man  
page for more information.  
Chapter 4 SunHSI Utilities  
 
21  
 
22  
Sun PCI High Speed Quad Port Serial Interface Adapter User’s Guide • May 2010  
 
APPENDIX  
A
This appendix includes the following information:  
“Pin Assignments” on page 23  
“Interface Signals” on page 27  
A shielded, hydra-style breakout cable providing four 37-pin, D-shell (DB-37) DTE  
connectors is available for the SunHSI/U adapter. Since there are not enough wires to  
create the signal ground (pin 19) connections, use the shield ground (pin 1) of the  
DB-37 connector for this signal. The pin assignments for the cabling and connectors  
are shown in TABLE A-1.  
TABLE A-1 RS-449 Connector Pin Assignments  
80-Pin Amp.  
Pin No.  
RS-449  
Signal Name  
RS-449 DB-37  
Pin No.  
Description  
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
RxD1(A)  
RxD1(B)  
DTR1(A)  
DTR1(B)  
TxD1(A)  
TxD1(B)  
RTS1(A)  
RTS1(B)  
TxC1(A)  
6
Port 1 Receive Data  
Port 1 Receive Data  
Port 1 Data Terminal Ready  
Port 1 Data Terminal Ready  
Port 1 Transmit Data  
Port 1 Transmit Data  
Port 1 Request To Send  
Port 1 Request To Send  
Port 1 Transmit Clock  
24  
12  
30  
4
22  
7
25  
17  
23  
 
       
TABLE A-1 RS-449 Connector Pin Assignments (Continued)  
80-Pin Amp.  
Pin No.  
RS-449  
Signal Name  
RS-449 DB-37  
Pin No.  
Description  
10  
11  
12  
13  
14  
15  
16  
17  
18  
19  
20  
TxC1(B)  
TxCI1(A)  
TxCI1(B)  
DCD1(A)  
DCD1(B)  
DSR1(A)  
DSR1(B)  
CTS1(A)  
CTS1(B)  
RxC1(A)  
RxC1(B)  
35  
5
Port 1 Transmit Clock  
Port 1 Transmit Clock In  
Port 1 Transmit Clock In  
Port 1 Data Carrier Detect  
Port 1 Data Carrier Detect  
Port 1 Data Set Ready  
Port 1 Data Set Ready  
Port 1 Clear To Send  
23  
13  
31  
11  
29  
9
27  
8
Port 1 Clear To Send  
Port 1 Receive Clock  
26  
1
Port 1 Receive Clock  
Shield Ground SG  
RxD2(A)  
Port 1 Shield Ground and Signal Ground  
Port 2 Receive Data  
21  
22  
23  
24  
25  
26  
27  
28  
29  
30  
31  
32  
33  
34  
35  
36  
37  
38  
6
RxD2(B)  
DTR2(A)  
DTR2(B)  
TxD2(A)  
TxD2(B)  
RTS2(A)  
RTS2(B)  
TxC2(A)  
TxC2(B)  
TxCI2(A)  
TxCI2(B)  
DCD2(A)  
DCD2(B)  
DSR2(A)  
DSR2(B)  
CTS2(A)  
CTS2(B)  
24  
12  
30  
4
Port 2 Receive Data  
Port 2 Data Terminal Ready  
Port 2 Data Terminal Ready  
Port 2 Transmit Data  
22  
7
Port 2 Transmit Data  
Port 2 Request To Send  
Port 2 Request To Send  
Port 2 Transmit Clock  
Port 2 Transmit Clock  
Port 2 Transmit Clock In  
Port 2 Transmit Clock In  
Port 2 Data Carrier Detect  
Port 2 Data Carrier Detect  
Port 2 Data Set Ready  
Port 2 Data Set Ready  
Port 2 Clear To Send  
25  
17  
35  
5
23  
13  
31  
11  
29  
9
27  
Port 2 Clear To Send  
24  
Sun PCI High Speed Quad Port Serial Interface Adapter User’s Guide • May 2010  
 
TABLE A-1 RS-449 Connector Pin Assignments (Continued)  
80-Pin Amp.  
Pin No.  
RS-449  
Signal Name  
RS-449 DB-37  
Pin No.  
Description  
39  
40  
RxC2(A)  
RxC2(B)  
8
Port 2 Receive Clock  
26  
1
Port 2 Receive Clock  
Shield Ground SG  
RxD3(A)  
Port 2 Shield Ground and Signal Ground  
Port 3 Receive Data  
41  
42  
43  
44  
45  
46  
47  
48  
49  
50  
51  
52  
53  
54  
55  
56  
57  
58  
59  
60  
6
RxD3(B)  
DTR3(A)  
DTR3(B)  
TxD3(A)  
TxD3(B)  
RTS3(A)  
RTS3(B)  
TxC3(A)  
TxC3(B)  
TxCI3(A)  
TxCI3(B)  
DCD3(A)  
DCD3(B)  
DSR3(A)  
DSR3(B)  
CTS3(A)  
CTS3(B)  
RxC3(A)  
RxC3(B)  
24  
12  
30  
4
Port 3 Receive Data  
Port 3 Data Terminal Ready  
Port 3 Data Terminal Ready  
Port 3 Transmit Data  
22  
7
Port 3 Transmit Data  
Port 3 Request To Send  
Port 3 Request To Send  
Port 3 Transmit Clock  
Port 3 Transmit Clock  
Port 3 Transmit Clock In  
Port 3 Transmit Clock In  
Port 3 Data Carrier Detect  
Port 3 Data Carrier Detect  
Port 3 Data Set Ready  
Port 3 Data Set Ready  
Port 3 Clear To Send  
25  
17  
35  
5
23  
13  
31  
11  
29  
9
27  
8
Port 3 Clear To Send  
Port 3 Receive Clock  
26  
1
Port 3 Receive Clock  
Shield Ground SG  
Port 3 Shield Ground and Signal Ground  
Port 4 Receive Data  
61  
62  
63  
64  
65  
66  
RxD4(A)  
6
RxD4(B)  
DTR4(A)  
DTR4(B)  
TxD4(A)  
TxD4(B)  
24  
12  
30  
4
Port 4 Receive Data  
Port 4 Data Terminal Ready  
Port 4 Data Terminal Ready  
Port 4 Transmit Data  
22  
Port 4 Transmit Data  
Appendix A Cable Pin Assignments & Signals  
 
25  
TABLE A-1 RS-449 Connector Pin Assignments (Continued)  
80-Pin Amp.  
Pin No.  
RS-449  
Signal Name  
RS-449 DB-37  
Pin No.  
Description  
67  
68  
69  
70  
71  
72  
73  
74  
75  
76  
77  
78  
79  
80  
RTS4(A)  
RTS4(B)  
TxC4(A)  
TxC4(B)  
TxCI4(A)  
TxCI4(B)  
DCD4(A)  
DCD4(B)  
DSR4(A)  
DSR4(B)  
CTS4(A)  
CTS4(B)  
RxC4(A)  
RxC4(B)  
7
Port 4 Request To Send  
Port 4 Request To Send  
Port 4 Transmit Clock  
Port 4 Transmit Clock  
Port 4 Transmit Clock In  
Port 4 Transmit Clock In  
Port 4 Data Carrier Detect  
Port 4 Data Carrier Detect  
Port 4 Data Set Ready  
Port 4 Data Set Ready  
Port 4 Clear To Send  
25  
17  
35  
5
23  
13  
31  
11  
29  
9
27  
8
Port 4 Clear To Send  
Port 4 Receive Clock  
26  
1
Port 4 Receive Clock  
Shield Ground SG  
Port 4 Shield Ground and Signal Ground  
26  
Sun PCI High Speed Quad Port Serial Interface Adapter User’s Guide • May 2010  
 
Interface Signals  
Functional descriptions of the RS-449 interface signals are provided in TABLE A-2.  
TABLE A-2 RS-449 Interface Signals  
RS-449 Pin  
No.  
Signal Name  
Function  
1
Shield Ground  
Enables tandem sections of shielded cable to retain continuity  
through the connector.  
19  
Signal Ground (SG)  
Transmit Data (TxD)  
Receive Data (RxD)  
Transmit Clock in (TxCI)  
Directly connects the DTE circuit ground to the DCE circuit  
ground, providing a path for DTE and DCE signal commons.  
4/22  
6/24  
5/23  
Used by the DTE to pass binary data to the DCE for  
transmission over the communications channel.  
Used by the DCE to pass binary data received from the  
communications channel to the DTE.  
Enables the DCE to transmit signal element timing to the DTE.  
This enables the DTE Transmit Data signal on circuit TxD to be  
in synchronization with On/Off transitions on this lead.  
8/26  
Receive Clock (RxC)  
Transmit Clock (TxC)  
Transitions on this lead enables the DTE to time data received  
over circuit RxD.  
17/35  
Enables the DTE to provide transmit timing information to the  
DCE so that the DTE can synchronize with data arriving over  
the TxD lead.  
7/25  
9/27  
Request to Send (RTS)  
Clear to Send (CTS)  
Used by the DTE to advise the DCE it is ready to transmit data.  
Used by the DCE to advise the DTE that the DCE is ready to  
send data over the communications channel.  
11/29  
12/30  
13/31  
Data Set Ready (DSR)  
Used to advise the DTE of the Ready status on the DCE. In  
most cases, this signal simply implies the unit is powered on.  
Data Terminal Ready (DTR)  
Data Carrier Detect (DCD)  
Used by the DTE to advise the DCE it is ready to transmit or  
receive.  
The DCE uses this lead to advise the DTE that an incoming  
signal on the communications channel is present. When first  
initialized this signal is an indication to the DTE to expect data  
momentarily.  
Appendix A Cable Pin Assignments & Signals  
 
27  
   
28  
Sun PCI High Speed Quad Port Serial Interface Adapter User’s Guide • May 2010  
 
APPENDIX  
B
Null Modem Cable Requirements  
A synchronous null modem cable is a specially-configured cable that simulates  
modems that are connected back-to-back. When the distance between the two host  
systems is not great, you may be able to use a null modem cable instead of a  
synchronous modem or a synchronous modem eliminator.  
The maximum distance a null modem cable can work is determined by the  
specification for your serial port interface.  
There are two steps you must perform to use a null modem cable for machine  
supplied clocking:  
Run hsip_init(see “Configuring Internal or External Clocking” on page 30) so that  
the Sun system, in the absence of a synchronous modem, supplies clocking on the  
serial line.  
Note – You must run hsip_initeach time you reboot your system.  
The following topics are included in this appendix:  
“Configuring Internal or External Clocking” on page 30  
“Building the Null Modem Cable” on page 30  
29  
 
   
Configuring Internal or External  
Clocking  
To configure an RS-449 port to provide transmit clocking for itself as well as receive  
clocking for the other end of the link, set the txc(transmit clock) and rxc(receive  
clock) parameters in hsip_initto baudand rxc, respectively. For example, the  
following hsip_initcommand sets the data rate of the first Sun HSI serial port to  
9600 bps and sets the clocking as just described:  
# hsip_init hihp0 9600 txc=baud rxc=rxc  
You enter such a command at both ends of a link if both sides are supplying clocking.  
In the situation in which you have Sun systems at both ends of a link and have one  
system supplying clocking for both sides, on the system that is not supplying the  
clocking, you enter:  
# hsip_init hihp0 9600 txc=txc rxc=rxc  
Building the Null Modem Cable  
To build a null modem cable, you can configure your own cable or use a standard  
cable with an adapter box.  
Note – Be sure to use shielded, twisted pair wire when building a null modem cable.  
If you decide to use an adapter box, be sure to obtain an adapter that allows you to  
change the pin configurations. Pre-configured adapters generally do not work with  
synchronous protocols because they do not handle clock signals correctly.  
30  
Sun PCI High Speed Quad Port Serial Interface Adapter User’s Guide • May 2010  
 
   
RS-449 Null Modem Cable  
TABLE B-1 and TABLE B-2 list the signals and names for RS-499 and X.21 circuits  
TABLE B-1 RS-449 Signals  
Circuit  
TxD  
RxD  
TxC  
TxCI  
RxC  
RTS  
Name  
Direction  
Transmit Data  
Receive Data  
To DCE  
From DCE  
To DCE  
Transmit Clock  
Transmit Clock In  
Receive Clock  
Request to Send  
Clear to Send  
From DCE  
From DCE  
To DCE  
CTS  
DCD  
DTR  
DSR  
SG  
From DCE  
From DCE  
To DCE  
Data Carrier Detect  
Data Terminal Ready  
Data Set Ready  
Signal Ground  
From DCE  
TABLE B-2 X.21 Signals  
Circuit  
Name  
Direction  
G
T
R
C
I
Signal Ground  
Transmit  
To DCE  
Receive  
From DCE  
To DCE  
Control  
Indication  
Signal Element Timing  
Byte Timing  
From DCE  
From DCE  
From DCE  
S
B
Appendix B Null Modem Cable Requirements  
 
31  
     
FIGURE B-1 illustrates a synchronous null modem cable that allows you to connect  
two Sun systems that each supply clocking, using the RS-449 interface. Each Sun  
supplies clocking on pins 17 and 35. The null modem cable routes this clocking to  
pins 8 and 26 on the opposite side to provide receive clocking.  
Because the RS-449 interface is balanced, there are two pins for each signal. For  
example, Transmit Data (TxD), pins 4 and 22, is connected to Received Data (RxD),  
pins 6 and 24. This means that pin 4 is connected to pin 6 and pin 22 is connected to  
pin 24.  
FIGURE B-1 Null modem Cable (Both Suns Supply Clocking)  
TxD (4,22)  
RxD (6,24)  
RTS (7,25)  
CTS (9,27)  
DSR (11,29)  
SG (19)  
TxD (4,22)  
RxD (6,24)  
RTS (7,25)  
CTS (9,27)  
DSR (11,29)  
SG (19)  
DCD (13,31)  
DCD (13,31)  
RxC (8,26)  
RxC (8,26)  
DTR (12,30)  
TxC (17,35)  
Sun workstation  
DTR (12,30)  
TxC (17,35)  
Sun workstation  
32  
Sun PCI High Speed Quad Port Serial Interface Adapter User’s Guide • May 2010  
 
 
FIGURE B-2 illustrates a synchronous null modem cable that allows you to another  
system, Sun or non-Sun, using the RS-449 interface. The Sun supplies both the  
transmit and receive clocks for the other system. Note that this null modem cable is  
not symmetrical.  
FIGURE B-2 Null modem Cable (Sun System Supplies Clocking for Both Sides)  
TxD (4,22)  
RxD (6,24)  
RTS (7,25)  
CTS (9,27)  
DSR (11,29)  
SG (19)  
TxD (4,22)  
RxD (6,24)  
RTS (7,25)  
CTS (9,27)  
DSR (11,29)  
SG (19)  
DCD (13,31)  
DCD (13,31)  
RxC (8,26)  
DTR (12,30)  
TxC (17,35)  
TxCI (5,23)  
RxC (8,26)  
DTR (12,30)  
Sun workstation  
that supplies clocking  
Sun or foreign  
device  
Appendix B Null Modem Cable Requirements  
33  
 
 
X.21 to RS-449 Converter  
FIGURE B-3 illustrates the pin connections required for an X.21 to RS-449 converter.  
FIGURE B-3 X.21 to RS-449 Converter  
T(2,9)  
TxD (4,22)  
RxC (8,26)  
S (6,13)  
TxCI (5,23)  
RTS (7,25)  
C (3,10)  
CTS (9,27)  
RxD (6,24)  
DCD (13,31)  
SG (19)  
R (4,11)  
I (5,12)  
G (8)  
X.21 interface  
(15 pin connector)  
RS-449 Interface  
Workstation  
(37 Pin Connector)  
When using an X.21 conversion you must perform the following hsip_init  
operation:  
#hsip_init hihp0 9600 txc=txc rxc=rxc  
Note – Both receive and transmit clock inputs (RxC and TxCI) need a clock signal if  
txcis set to txcand rxcis set to rxc.  
34  
Sun PCI High Speed Quad Port Serial Interface Adapter User’s Guide • May 2010  
 
   
APPENDIX  
C
T1 Inverted Data and Clock Signals  
This appendix includes the following topics:  
“Data Signal Inversion” on page 35  
“Clock Signal Inversion” on page 37  
Data Signal Inversion  
The requirement for inverting data signals arises from the “ones density” problem  
you encounter with most T1 transmission lines in North America. The T1  
transmission scheme uses a signaling mechanism known as Alternate Mark Inversion  
(AMI), in which one bits are represented by a positive or negative pulse, while zero  
bits are represented by the absence of a pulse. In this scheme, the polarity of each  
pulse must be the opposite of the polarity of the pulse which immediately preceded  
it. This signaling scheme makes it possible to embed a reference clock for the data  
into the data stream itself.  
Various types of T1 transmission equipment, such as Data Service Units (DSU),  
Channel Service Units (CSU), repeaters, and various telephone central office  
equipment, must be able to keep a phase locked loop (PLL) circuit locked on to this  
reference clock. This PLL circuit uses the pulses generated when one bits are  
transmitted to lock the embedded clock to a local reference oscillator. To keep the  
PLL circuit locked on the extracted clock, a certain density of pulses (one bits) must  
be guaranteed. For North American T1 lines, the density requirement dictates that at  
least one out of every 16 bits must be a one (see AT&T Technical Publication 62411).  
Another way of stating this is that no more than 15 consecutive zero bits can occur  
anywhere in the data stream.  
T1 lines were originally intended to carry voice traffic, wherein the digitized voice  
signals could be altered to meet the ones-density requirement by forcing every eighth  
bit of a voice channel to be a one. This practice introduces a small—but virtually  
35  
 
     
inaudible—amount of distortion in the voice signal. Digital data streams between  
two computers are another matter, since the corruption of even one data bit causes a  
packet to be rejected. Note that in a typical data packet it is quite easy to produce bit  
patterns that violate the ones-density requirement. A random file could easily  
contain a sequence of bytes that would produce 16 or more consecutive zero bits if  
transmitted serially.  
There are many different schemes for circumventing the ones-density requirement.  
The most common technique simply reserves every eighth bit of the signal for a  
“density bit” and forces this bit to be a one. Obviously, these bits are not available for  
data transmission, which means that 12.5 percent of the bandwidth of the T1 line is  
wasted. When you consider that the lease cost for a coast-to-coast T1 line can be  
exceedingly expensive, this waste of bandwidth can be unacceptable. There are  
alternatives.  
Bipolar with 8-Zero Substitution  
One of them uses a special code that transmission equipment can generate when  
using the AMI signalling scheme. This special code depends on the fact that two  
successive one bits that are represented by pulses of the same polarity result in a  
signal known as a “Bipolar Violation.” A CSU can be designed so that it will  
automatically replace any string of eight consecutive zeros with a special code  
pattern that contains two of Bipolar Violations. A compatible, receiving CSU  
recognizes this special code and converts it back to a pattern of eight zeros. This  
technique is known by the acronym B8ZS, which stands for Bipolar with 8-Zero  
Substitution.  
All CEPT lines (the European equivalent of T1) mandate the use of a variant of B8ZS  
that holds the density requirement down to no more than three consecutive zeros.  
However, telephone companies in North America have been slow to adopt B8ZS,  
because it would entail a significant capital investment. Therefore, the B8ZS solution  
will not solve the ones-density problem in the short term.  
HDLC Zero Insertion Algorithm  
An alternative to B8ZS—an alternative used by the SunHSI/P product—makes use of  
the fact that the HDLC framing rules specify that any data stream that contains five  
or more consecutive one bits requires that the transmitting end insert a zero bit after  
the fifth one bit. This guarantees that the HDLC flag pattern 01111110(hex 7E) does  
not occur randomly inside a frame. The receiving end must automatically discard the  
zero bit that follows a pattern of five consecutive ones. So, HDLC framing, which is  
used by SunHSI/P, guarantees that, except for the flag pattern, in any set of six bits,  
at least one bit will be a zero. If you include the flag pattern, you can say that in any  
set of seven bits, at least one bit will be a zero.  
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Sun PCI High Speed Quad Port Serial Interface Adapter User’s Guide • May 2010  
 
   
By inverting the data signal with HDLC framing on both ends of a link, the HDLC  
zero insertion algorithm becomes a ones insertion algorithm. This guarantees that in  
any set of seven bits, at least one bit will be a one. Thus, the HDLC data stream meets  
the density requirements of North American T1 lines without sacrificing any  
bandwidth.  
Clock Signal Inversion  
The need to invert clock lines is separate from the need to invert data lines. Most  
computer, modem, and terminal vendors adhere to an industry standard  
specification known as RS-334. This specification defines the relationship between a  
data bit and a reference clock on a synchronous serial link. The specification also says  
that a device should transmit data with reference to the rising edge of the clock  
signal and that data should be received with reference to the falling edge of the clock  
signal.  
When using long cables or cables not carrying a clock signal, a phase shift may occur  
causing a high number of errors. In such cases, inverting the clock signal may correct  
the phase shift. You may also need to invert the clock signal when connecting a  
SunHSI/P port to equipment not adhering to the RS-334 standard.  
Appendix C T1 Inverted Data and Clock Signals  
 
37  
 
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Sun PCI High Speed Quad Port Serial Interface Adapter User’s Guide • May 2010  
 
APPENDIX  
D
SunVTS Diagnostic Testing  
The SunVTS software executes multiple diagnostic hardware tests from a single user  
interface, and is used to verify the configuration and functionality of most hardware  
controllers and devices. The SunVTS software operates primarily from a graphical  
user interface, enabling test parameters to be set quickly and easily while a  
diagnostic test operation is being performed.  
Refer to the SunVTS documents (see TABLE D-1) for instructions on how to run and  
monitor the sunlink diagnostic. These SunVTS documents are available online at the  
following URL:  
Select the document for the Solaris release on your system.  
TABLE D-1 Sun VTS Documentation  
Title  
Description  
SunVTS User’s Guide  
Describes the SunVTS diagnostic environment.  
SunVTS Test Reference Manual Describes each SunVTS test (including sunlink) and  
describesthe various test options and command-line  
arguments.  
SunVTS Quick Reference Card Provides an overview of the user interface.  
Using the SunVTS sunlinkTest  
The sunlink diagnostic test, which is shipped with the SunVTS software, verifies the  
functionality of SunHSI adapters. This test can be run from the SunVTS user  
interface, or it can be run from the command line. Refer to the SunVTS Test Reference  
Manual for more information about the sunlinktest.  
39  
 
       
Note – Some of the sunlinktests require a RS-449 loopback plug, which can be  
ordered through Sun (part number 540-1430).  
40  
Sun PCI High Speed Quad Port Serial Interface Adapter User’s Guide • May 2010  
 
APPENDIX  
E
Viewing the Man Pages  
The following man pages are included with the SunHSI software:  
hsip(7d)  
hsip_init(1m)  
hsip_loop(1m)  
hsip_stat(1m)  
If you cannot view these man pages, you need to add the /opt/SUNWconn/man/  
directory to your MANPATHenvironment variable. Depending on the UNIX shell you  
are using, this variable might be defined in one of a number of startup files.  
Man Pages  
To View Man Pages in the C Shell Environment  
1. Examine your $HOME/.loginand $HOME/.cshrcfiles to locate the MANPATH  
variable.  
2. Using a text editor, add the following line to the end of the file containing the  
MANPATHvariable.  
setenv MANPATH “/opt/SUNWconn/man/:$MANPATH”  
41  
 
           
If neither of the files in Step 1 contains the MANPATHvariable, add the following  
line to the end of one of the files, or contact your system administrator for  
assistance.  
setenv MANPATH “/opt/SUNWconn/man/”  
3. Use the source command on the file you edited to make the changes effective in  
your current window.  
For example, if you added the MANPATHline to the .loginfile, you would type:  
hostname% source $HOME/.login  
Note – If you log out and then back into your system, you update the MANPATH  
variable in all command windows and shells.  
To View Man Pages in Bourne or Korn Shell  
Environments  
1. Using a text editor, add these two lines to the end of the $HOME/.profilefile.  
MANPATH=/opt/SUNWconn/man:$MANPATH  
export MANPATH  
If this file did not already contain this variable, add the following two lines to the  
end of the file, or contact your system administrator for assistance.  
MANPATH=/opt/SUNWconn/man  
export MANPATH  
2. Make the changes effective in your current window.  
$ . $HOME/.profile  
Note – If you log out and then back into to your system, you update the MANPATH  
variable in all command windows and shells.  
42  
Sun PCI High Speed Quad Port Serial Interface Adapter User’s Guide • May 2010  
 
 
Glossary  
AMI  
bps  
Alternate Mark Inversion  
Bits per second  
CEPT  
CSU  
CPU  
DSU  
E1  
European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations  
Channel Service Unit  
tCentral Processing Unit  
Data Service Unitr.  
European equivalent of T1  
High-Level Data Link Control  
MegaHertz  
HDLC  
MHz  
PLL  
Phase-locked loo  
PPP  
Point-to-Point Protocol  
SDLC  
SNA  
T1  
Synchronous Data Link Control  
System Network Architecture  
A communications service providing leased-line support for 1,554,000 bps  
on twisted copper wire.  
WAN  
Wide Area Network  
43  
 
 
44  
Sun PCI High Speed Quad Port Serial Interface Adapter User’s Guide • May 2010  
 

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